Childhood trauma has been increasingly recognised as a significant predictor of adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood. This study explores the long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult mental health, highlighting their association with psychiatric disorders, maladaptive coping behaviours, and social dysfunction. A global survey conducted by the World Mental Health (WMH) Initiative revealed that nearly 40% of adults across 21 countries reported experiencing childhood trauma, underscoring its widespread prevalence. Adverse experiences, including childhood maltreatment, domestic violence, and parental loss, disrupt normal psychological development, leading to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders in later life. Additionally, trauma accelerates biological aging, affecting brain development and increasing vulnerability to chronic health conditions. Research suggests that individuals with a history of ACEs face greater difficulties in social relationships, employment, and overall well-being. However, early interventions such as trauma-informed care, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and community-based support have proven effective in mitigating long-term consequences. This study seeks to elucidate the connection between childhood trauma and adult mental health while exploring preventive strategies to reduce its impact. Addressing childhood trauma through early intervention and supportive frameworks is essential for fostering resilience and improving mental health outcomes in adulthood.

Keywords: Childhood trauma, Adverse childhood experiences, Mental health outcomes, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Cognitive-behavioural therapy, Resilience,

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